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Michael X. Mockus
Michael X. Mockus (October 26, 1864 – October 23, 1939) was a Lithuanian-American Unitarian minister. Mockus is remembered for having been convicted in nationally publicized trials for having violated archaic Connecticut and Maine state laws prohibiting blasphemy as a result of his public challenges of certain points of orthodox religious belief.
==Biography==
Mykolas Ksaveras Mockevičius was born on October 26, 1864 in Ramanavas, Lithuania. In 1886, he emigrated to United States and Americanized his name as Michael Xavier Mockus. Initially he worked at coal mines then at a cement factory in Detroit, Michigan. There he bought a small press and published Lithuanian and Polish brochures and booklets. He became active in various Lithuanian-American societies.〔
Initially a devout Catholic, Mockus turned to Protestantism. He graduated from a seminary in Fairmount, Ohio〔 and was ordained a minister in the Unitarian church.〔("Jury to Decide if Whale Ate Jonah: Connecticut Minister Going to Trial To-Day for Doubting Holy Writ," ) ''New York Sun,'' Dec. 6, 1916, pg. 1.〕 He toured various Lithuanian communities delivering speeches and sermons.〔 Around 1908 he switched to atheism and freethought. He made a career delivering speeches that mocked religious truths. The speeches were highly controversial and attracted large crowds. The churchgoers would attempt to disrupt the meetings with measures ranging from catcalls to threats of violence. The police would get involved on the basis that Mockus was speaking without a permit, disturbing the peace, or inciting to anarchy, but he would escape more serious charges on the basis of free speech.〔
He was charged with and found guilty of blasphemy in Waterbury, Connecticut in 1916〔 and in Rumford, Maine in 1917. The Supreme Judicial Court of Maine upheld his conviction in March 1921.〔 Instead of serving the one to two years sentence in prison, Mockus escaped to Mexico. He lived there for five years before returning to United States.〔 Upon his return he retired from public life and died on October 23, 1939〔 in Oak Forest, Illinois.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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